THEORIES OF INFORMATION PROCESSING
Author: Yenni July Tatiana pintoStudent Universidad Antonio Nariño Bogotá
(7th semester) of psychology
ABSTRACT
This paper begins with a theoretical review where we mentioned the emergence of theories and how they are constructed. The first paradigm is mentioned opposition to behaviorism, which tells us that the theory of information processing, provides a conception "constructivist" of human beings. Therefore, if the antithesis of isolationism constructivism behaviorist, presupposes the existence of a mind. And the other part of him paradigm seventies and pays great attention to the functionality schemes that have been shown to understand the workings of the human cognitive system.
THEORIES OF INFORMATION PROCESSING
Theories of information processing appear in the second decade of the fifties constituting cognitivism paradigm that was strongly opposed to the hitherto dominant behaviorist paradigm. Characteristic of these theories is the metaphorical conceptualization of the human mind as a computer, allowing operationalize and study cognitive processes hitherto not been considered by behavioral and psychometric approaches. Another important contribution of cognitive psychology is that it is concerned with the study of processes such as language, perception, memory, reasoning and problem solving. She conceives the subject as an active processor of stimuli. Is this processing, not the stimulus directly, what determines our behavior.
According to Kuhn, the first paradigmatic revolution leads to the appearance of behaviorism, in response to the subjectivity and abuse by the introspective method of structuralism and functionalism. The second revolution constitute information processing. Behaviorism is based on studies of learning through conditioning, unnecessary considering the study of higher mental processes for understanding human behavior. The core consists of behaviorism associationist conception of knowledge and learning. .
In mid-century, many empirical anomalies and external factors such as new technology and cyber Communication Theories and Linguistics make the behavioral paradigm into crisis and is replaced by the information processing relying on the computer metaphor makes possible the study of mental processes that behaviorism marginalized. This will enter a new period of normal science under the domain of cognitive psychology, which reaches today.
Cognitive Psychology for the subject's action is determined by its representations. For information processing, these representations are made of any kind of computation. The conception of the human as information processor is based on the acceptance of the analogy between the human mind and the operation of a computer. In recent decades, psychological research has shown increasing attention for the role of cognition in human learning, freeing more restrictive aspects of behavioral approaches. Emphasis has been placed on the role of attention, memory, perception, pattern recognition and the use of language in the learning process. "The cognitive approach has emphasized how individuals represent the world in which they live and how they receive information, acting in accordance with it. Were considered subjects are processors or processors of information." (Johnson-Laird, 1980)
For the constructivist, the human being acquires knowledge construction through a process of individual and subjective, so that the perception of the world is determined by the expectations of the subject.
Higher mental processes such as the formation of concepts and problem solving, are difficult to study. The most popular approach has been the information processing that uses computational metaphor to compare the mental operations with the computer, investigating how information is encoded, how it is transformed, stored, retrieved and transmitted to the outside, as if the human being was designed similarly to a computer or computer. Although the information processing approach has been very fruitful to suggest explanatory models of human thinking and problem solving in very defined situations, it has also proved difficult to establish models of the workings of the human mind following such computer models. In behaviorism over information processing while keeping the same core. The behaviorist reductionism is replaced by the acceptance of causal cognition. Instead of the environmentalist position information processing interaction defends subject variables and the variables of the environmental situation which confronted the subject. The taxpayer and receptive of behaviorism becomes an active processor of information. In contrast to behaviorism, information processing provides a constructivist conception of human beings.
According to many authors, the information processing is not a progressive program over behaviorism and has received much criticism because of its inadequacies and limitations.
The core information processing
The bigger you can say about is cognitive psychology that refers to the explanation of behavior to mental entities, states, processes and provisions of mental nature which demands a level of discourse itself.
Specifically, if we focus on the theory of information processing, for authors like Lachman and Butterfield, considered information processing than a few symbolic operations, relatively basic, such as encode, compare, locate, store, may ultimately , to account for human intelligence and ability to create knowledge, innovations and perhaps expectations for the future.
The conception of man as an information processor is based on the analogy between the human mind and the operation of a computer. In other words, the software is taken as a metaphor for human cognitive functioning.
CONCLUSION
man and computer processing systems are general purpose, functionally equivalent to exchange information with its environment through the manipulation of symbols. This means that both are cognitive systems whose food is information and information in this sense has a very precise mathematical meaning either reduction of uncertainty.
While behaviorism focused mainly on the study of learning, by theories based on the analysis of stimuli and responses, processing of information, as it is the study of the representations, primarily generated theories memory. Cybernetic metaphor itself necessarily lead to consider memory as the basic structure of the processing system. Also, rather than environmental positions, defend information processing interaction subject variables and the variables of the task or environmental situation that has faced the subject. The information processing states that individuals construct their own knowledge from their cognitive structures and processes without explaining how these structures are built and initial processes.
0 yorum:
Yorum Gönder